The state in Africa; the impact and legacies of colonialism and the Cold War; nationalism and decolonisation; Africa and the World Economy; the Foreign Policies of African states; the role of extra-regional powers and international organisations in Africa; ethnicity and territorial integrity; development; democratisation and human rights. A comparative study of the main political institutions of the SADC countries notably the electoral system, political parties, the Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary. The powers and role of the President. Transparency, Human Rights and Good Governance.