Real-Time Applications; Hard Versus Soft Real-Time Systems; Reference Model of Real-Time Systems; Commonly Used Approaches to Hard Real-Time Scheduling; Clock-Driven Scheduling; Priority-Driven Scheduling of Periodic Tasks; Scheduling Aperiodic and Sporadic Jobs in Priority-Driven Systems; Resources and Resource Access Control; Multiprocessor Scheduling and Resource Access Control; scheduling Flexible Computations and Tasks with Temporal Distance Constraints Real-Time Communications.