The Molecules and Chemical Reactions of Life; Amino Acids and Proteins; Simple and Complex Carbohydrates; Lipids and Membranes; Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids; Vitamins and Cofactors; Biochemical Reactions; Enzymes; Metabolic Pathways; Photosynthesis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Lipid Metabolism; Amino Acid Metabolism. Recent advances including development of microbial sensors and their application and DNA microarrays.