Soil Water-Plant Relationship. Soil Water measurement. Estimating Water requirement of Crops. Irrigation methods: surface, sprinkler (including centre pivot) and drip. Irrigation accessories. Irrigation efficiency. Irrigation needs and scheduling. Deficit irrigation. Quality of irrigation water. Irrigation with Saline water. Irrigation using effluent water. Irrigation and Fertiliser use. Water management and drainage. Management strategies: drought and flood. Improving water use efficiency. Off-grid solar irrigation system. Agricultural machinery: tractors, rotovators, mechanical planters and harvesters. Tractor Technology. Field mechanisation. Pesticide sprayers and fertiliser spreaders.
